Справа

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Справа

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Орфографія (словоформи)

справа — іменник, жіночий рід, неістота

справа — прислівник

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Titin

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8 Answers 8

Sorted by: Reset to default

There are two interrogatives in Russian corresponding to English «where»: locational (где?) and directional (куда?)

• Where are you? Где ты?
• Where are you going (to)? Куда ты идёшь?

справа and слева are locational adverbs, they describe locations of the objects: этот дом справа от меня. They correspond to English «to the right of».

вправо/направо and влево/налево are directional, they describe directions: поверни направо, посмотри влево. They correspond to English «to the right».

Mixing справа and направо/вправо is ungrammatical.

Now, направо and вправо are both directional adverbs, and in modern language they are quite interchangeable.

Generally, направо/налево assume changing movement direction or the line of sight in the corresponding direction and вправо/влево assume keeping it.

For instance, when you turn, you change direction:

• повернул на…, 334 entries
• повернул в…, 198 entries

and when you sidestep, you keep it:

• шагнул на…, 17 entries
• шагнул в…, 162 entries

However, this rule is not strict and the words can be used interchangeably.

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answered Jul 14, 2012 at 19:50
Quassnoi ♦ Quassnoi
55.3k 4 4 gold badges 97 97 silver badges 184 184 bronze badges

There’s one more meaning for слева/справа — to show starting point as in «слева направо», which translates to «from left to right» in English.

Commented Jul 25, 2012 at 14:42

I can’t seem to tell these two ways by heart(locational/directional). I always mix them up. Is there a useful mnemonic or other way to remember which one is which?

Commented Sep 8, 2012 at 12:17

@FelipeAlmeida: a direction always has two points: where from and where to. Thus куда (where to) has a counterpart откуда (where from), and где (where) does not have such a counterpart. So the word with a counterpart (куда/откуда) is a directional word, the word without it (где) is a locational one.

Commented Sep 8, 2012 at 20:01

yeah..I didn’t explain myself correctly. I meant налево/направо VS справа/слева.. I forgot again, which is positional and which is directional =P

Commented Sep 10, 2012 at 7:25
@FelipeAlmeida С какой стороны находится? — справа. В какую сторону пойти? — вправо.
Commented Aug 24, 2013 at 19:25

I tried to figure out if German or English do also have different words for left and right, but I can’t think of any. Maybe my understanding of the three word pairs is just wrong and therefore I can’t conclude the correct German or English counterparts, if any existing. Do you know counterparts in the English language (and German, if applicable)?

Depending on the meaning and context, both German and English use different prepositional phrases for left and right. It just so happens that the Russian rules prescribe to write these adverbial phrases as one word.

So *на лево is the German nach links and *на право is the German nach rechts. But we spell them as one word like налево → *nachlinks and направо → *nachrechts.

The phrase слева направо is equivalent to the German von links nach rechts. Again we spell it like *vonlinks nachrecths, even though it can actually be thought of as *с лева на право.

Don’t let the spelling confuse you! As a matter of fact, it is not intuitive even for Russian speakers so school kids and sometimes even adults are having a hard time with all this Getrennt-und-Zusammenschreibung stuff.

As you continue to learn Russian, you will come across other similar adverbs like that. For example, сзади (= с + зади) → von hinten and назад (= на + зад) → nach hinten.

Источники:

https://pishika.ru/sprava-ili-spravo-kak-pishetsya-pravilo/&rut=44c82219320d4b6579ec2b6e873f8168996e136a083fcc38e3c2cc84a2c0f6cf
https://slovnyk.ua/index.php?swrd=%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&rut=6e929b082628561577dae060cd5a8c73d2130e03b090fd69e2cfe7ba92b1aaf2
https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&rut=82134fe59a3fe3b4d28c891940702e8bfeca4df04fe1731110014e23f939d44b
https://www.reddit.com/r/russian/comments/irk8wf/how_do_i_know_when_to_say_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_or_%D0%B2%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0/&rut=4c1f608924bc4f17a9831d625274b9d702524226c5fee3c631014dc31d32040d
https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/595/left-and-right-in-russian&rut=eefdd27abab0a34b6f8d5aa22dd0fc9cf46113a0b330130025737304a98de9e5