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The queen of England was fiercely independent and ministers literally had to woo her to come around to their ideas, if she ever did. The queen had few preconceptions of monarchy. She did not, like so many of her predecessors, hanker after territory in France or Scotland, she was careful over royal spending and seemed not to care at all about securing the Tudor Dynasty after her death. Exasperated ministers could not even turn to Parliament which met only 13 times during her reign.
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Death & Successor
It is true that the reality of the final years of Elizabeth’s reign was rather less romantic than her legendary image. A run of poor harvests, inflation, and high taxes, needed to pay to fight Spain, and an increase in unemployment and petty crimes, all took their toll on a population which had increased from 3 million at the start of Elizabeth’s reign to 4 million by the end of it. Poverty was growing at such a rate that Poor Laws were passed in 1597 and 1601 to try and alleviate the problem by providing houses of correction for vagrants and apprenticeships for children. There were food riots in London and East Anglia in the 1595-7 but, significantly, none of the popular uprisings which had challenged previous Tudor monarchs. Elizabeth died, likely from a mix of bronchitis and pneumonia, on 24 March 1603 at Richmond Palace. She was 69 years old and had outlived all her friends and favourites; she was buried in Westminster Abbey. As the queen had once said to Parliament, and through that body, spoken to her people:
And though you have had, and may have, many mightier and wiser princes…yet you never had, nor shall have, any that will love you better. (Cavendish, 299)
The Queen of England’s reign may have been assessed less favourably in recent times, particularly its final years, but she still compares well to her immediate predecessors and successors. The queen’s greatest failing was perhaps having no children and never nominating an heir. Consequently, she was succeeded by her closest relative, James I of England (aka James VI of Scotland), the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. James would reign until 1625 and so be the first Stuart to rule England. The Stuarts would survive the brief republic of Oliver Cromwell, 1649-1660, and so they remained in power until 1714.
Источники:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia&rut=ca948121aa239b9b2ccfafa00dac76e50f444428f913637e7fc79d1775cf2925
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I&rut=2e5d2f3ba63ee1e78bf65f90c36f6c1d42e9d3f89661d859dac8918ce84f765e
https://www.britannica.com/summary/Elizabeth-I&rut=0c02672146bb9c688a3ff5ba0c3379d4508920138096f6178d48b82741fae464
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-I&rut=78a89f76ecd241b5d71fb11b5e9783c0697d897b04ced83a311653738f4e0cc0
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/elizabeth_I&rut=c614738a76380b06cf99ca45556dab50ee91ffddb02dea0de2330c07c2a9ddfa
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/elizabeth_i_01.shtml&rut=e24c537568159cde73eea6dbb1ef1e357ee13fe9da855e72e0aecb9e15148f8b
https://www.bbc.com/russian/media-57830525&rut=1b0673c47bdda61cbe1c55b331817cd6fa46209386f97d0fc6d596e45afa51ab
https://www.worldhistory.org/Elizabeth_I_of_England/&rut=a32378f93d2fb23ba6c457eb73572e0c45bf2d627f4ed21d95db6fffda79dcc3